Quiz Chapter 13: Genetic Technology

1. What role does thermal cycling play during Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

1. It incinerates unwanted bacterial cells
2. It systematically alters temperatures to denature DNA strands, anneal primers, and extend new DNA strands
3. It maintains constant body temperature at 37 degrees Celsius
4. It sterilizes agarose gels for electrophoresis

2. Why is human insulin produced via recombinant DNA technology superior to insulin extracted from pig or cow pancreases?

1. It is cheaper to extract from animal tissue
2. It is structurally identical to human insulin, reducing allergic immune responses in diabetic patients
3. It acts twice as slowly in lowering blood glucose levels
4. It contains plant carotenoids that boost eye health

3. Which technique is most appropriate for resolving disputed paternity cases in courts?

1. Karyotyping
2. DNA Profiling
3. Bioremediation
4. Recombinant Fermentation

4. How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments during DNA profiling?

1. By chemical toxicity of nitrogen bases
2. By size and charge, as negatively charged DNA moves toward the positive electrode
3. By density of hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs
4. By temperature coefficient of bacterial plasmids

5. What primary nutrient improvement was engineered into 'Golden Rice'?

1. Vitamin C synthesis genes
2. Beta-carotene (Vitamin A precursor) synthesis genes
3. Insecticidal Bt toxin proteins
4. Herbicide resistance enzymes

6. Which field of study evaluates the ethical, legal, and social implications of genetic technology and biotechnology?

1. Bioinformatics
2. Bioethics
3. Biochemistry
4. Biodiversity

7. What genetic modification gives Bt corn crops protection against European corn borer insect pests?

1. Insertion of genes coding for Bt crystal endotoxin proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis
2. Enhancement of plant photosynthetic pigments
3. Introduction of glyphosate herbicide resistance genes
4. Inhibition of plant root cell division

8. Which molecular technique is used to amplify minute quantities of DNA collected from a crime scene?

1. Gel Electrophoresis
2. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
3. Western Blotting
4. Anaerobic Digestion

9. What is the primary role of DNA ligase in constructing recombinant plasmids?

1. To cut open bacterial plasmids
2. To join target DNA fragments with plasmid DNA by forming phosphodiester bonds
3. To replicate DNA sequences inside host bacteria
4. To transcribe RNA into functional proteins

10. What is the primary goal of gene therapy in modern medicine?

1. To produce synthetic antibodies in farm animals
2. To insert normal functional genes to replace or repair defective mutant genes causing genetic diseases
3. To clone human individuals for organ harvesting
4. To eliminate all non-pathogenic bacteria from human guts